Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the Unit Essays

Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the Unit Essays Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the United States of America LAW (Gay Rights/Legislation) Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the United States of America The proposed legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of American family law. The potential consequences, positive or negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, social structure public health, and the status of women are enormous. Given the importance of the issue, the value of comprehensive debate of the reasons for and against legalizing same-sex marriage should be obvious. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage entails legally imposed financial responsibility and legally authorized financial benefits. Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation, succession of a deceased spouse's property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults desire to "contract" in the eyes of the law, as well a perhaps promise in the eyes of the Lord and their friends and family, to be responsible for the obligations of marriage as well as to enjoy its benefits, should the law prohibit their request merely because they are of the same gender? I intend to prove that because of Article IV of the United States Constitution, there is no reason why the federal government nor any state government should restrict marriage to a predefined heterosexual relationship. Marriage has changed throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, rather than the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Societal change have been felt in marriages over the past 25 years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into even upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America. The trend in western European nations during the past decade has been to increase legal aid to homosexual relations and has included marriage benefits to some same-sex couples. For example, within the past six years, three Scandinavian countries have enacted domestic partnership laws allowing same-sex couples in which at least one partner is a citizen of the specified country therefore allowing many benefits that heterosexual marriages are given. In the Netherlands, the Parliament is considering domestic partnership status for same-sex couples, all major political parties favor recognizing same-sex relations, and more than a dozen towns have already done so. Finland provides governmental social benefits to same-sex partners. Belgium allows gay prisoners the right to have conjugal visits from same-sex partners. An overwhelming majority of European nations have granted partial legal status to homosexual relationships. The European Parliament also has passed a resolution calling for equal rights for gays and lesbians. In the United States, efforts to legalize same-sex domestic partnership have had some, limited success. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. reported that by mid-1995, thirty-six municipalities, eight counties, three states, five state agencies, and two federal agencies extended some benefits to, or registered for some official purposes, same-sex domestic partnerships. In 1994, the California legislature passed a domestic partnership bill that provided official state registration of same-sex couples and provided limited marital rights and privileges relating to hospital visitation, wills and estates, and powers of attorney. While California's Governor Wilson eventually vetoed the bill, its passage by the legislature represented a notable political achievement for advocates of same-sex marriage. The most significant prospects for legalizing same-sex marriage in the near future are in Hawaii, where advocates of same-sex marriage have won a major judicial victory that could lead to the judicial legalization of same-sex marriage or to legislation authorizing same-sex domestic partnership in that state. In 1993, the Hawaii Supreme Court, in Baehr v. Lewin, vacated a state circuit court judgment dismissing same-sex marriage claims and ruled that Hawaii's marriage law allowing heterosexual, but not homosexual, couples to obtain marriage licenses constitutes sex discrimination under the state constitution's Equal Protection Clause and Equal Rights Amendment. The case began in 1991 when three same-sex couples who had been denied marriage licenses by the Hawaii Department of Health brought suit in state court against the

ALS essays

ALS essays Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Motor Neuron Disease (MND), Mal Charcot, or Lou Gehrigs Disease, is a life threatening neurodegenerative disease. ALS causes the progressive loss of nervous system control of voluntary muscle systems by breaking down of motor neurons in the nerve cells in the brain and spinal core. It affects one in every 100,000 people, more men than woman, and symptoms dont usually develop until sufferers are in their fifties. The symptoms of ALS include muscle weakness, decrease in muscle coordination and mass, loss of tissue due to a lack of nervous stimulation, possible paralysis, muscle cramps, voice impairment like hoarseness, slow or abnormal speech, difficulty swallowing and breathing, urinary urgency, leg ankle and feet swelling. Additionally, the nerves controlling muscles in which use is lost, shrink and disappear. This disease has a gradual onset that progressively worsens until death, which usually occurs within three to five years. There are three types of ALS. In some cases it is known that people inherit ALS, but often there are sporadic or non-inherited cases too. The third kind is Guamanian, because there are so many cases in Guam. Nearly 30,000 people currently have the disease, and 95 percent of them are thought to have the sporadic form. Recently they have identified genetic mutations that appear to cause more than half or these cases. The newly identified mutations involve a protein called EAAT2 where some of the useless introns that are supposed to be cut out of the DNA, are kept, while exons are discarded. This produces defective RNA that leads to a defective EAAT2 protein or no protein at all. EAAT2, normally deactivates and recycles glutamate, a chemical certain nerve cells use to send messages to each other. Johns Hopkins researchers have previously shown that many ALS patients have little or no EAAT2 in certain areas of ...

Business Organisation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Organisation - Assignment Example Currently, it is making a strong presence in the United States and other parts of Europe (Ted Baker Plc 2006). Its 2006 annual report states that the company has 102 retail outlets comprised of 19 UK stores, 7 overseas stores, 68 concessions, and 8 outlet stores. Since its inception, Ted Baker Plc has already imbued itself with the commitment of quality designer clothes. The company's core competence is threefold comprising design, product quality, and attention to detail. The company is known to have "for applying quirky twists to their products" (Ted Baker Plc Annual Report 2006). Thus, Ted Baker has become the "official outfitter" (Hoovers 2006) for trendy individuals. Instead of trying to capture the mass market, the company opts to win the purchasing power of the high-end market who wants quality and top of the line clothing. It is irrefutable that business organisations like Ted Baker Plc need to cope with the challenges posed by the changes and developments happening in their external environments. This report will look at how the impact of the evolution of a single global village in the operations and strategic directions. Each recommendation will be supported by analyses utilising management tools and techniques. In order to recommend strategic direction that Ted Baker Plc should t... These tools are designed to reveal the internal factors which affect the performance and well being of the firm. Recognizing that environmental forces are also important, environmental scanning will also be conducted. The conceptual frameworks to be used are Porter's generic strategies, Porter's five forces model, and SWO analysis. 2.1. Porter's Generic Strategies According to Porter, companies can stick to three best strategies-cost leadership, market segmentation, and differentiation. Generic strategies are highly commended because they identify a certain area that a company can focus instead of trying to be "everything." These definite winning strategies help business organizations to market scope and their competency (Thomson 2004). In its website, Ted Baker Plc states its threefold strategy as: "considered expansion of Ted Baker collections; controlled distribution through main channels-retail wholesale, and licensing; and carefully managed development of overseas markets" (Ted Baker Plc 2006). As stated above, these strategies are supported by the manufacturer's main competences which are design, product quality, and attention to detail. Through these factors, Ted Baker Plc is able to establish an image of quality and trend which sets it apart from its other competitors. Even though clothing is very much like a homogenous good, the business organisation is able to define itself and create an image in the mind of consumers. In line with Porter's generic strategies, it is apparent that the company is banking on a differentiation strategy for success. Ted Baker offers not just any other ordinary clothing company. Standardstyle states that the company's products are

Research design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Research design - Essay Example The non-numeric definition of qualitative research identifies use of narrations to describe observations. Types of qualitative research include â€Å"field interviewing,† â€Å"focus groups,† â€Å"field observations,† and ethnography (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 57- 62). Qualitative research, according to Wimmer and Dominick (2013, p. 120), can also be defined as a research method that applies a â€Å"flexible questioning approach† data collection and analysis. Quantitative research, however, is a research method in which data collection and analysis involve numeric values. This identifies an objective approach to research in which data is measured on a scale. The objective scope of the research method also identify reliability and validity concepts, features of which qualitative research is devoid, for analysis of relationships between variables and description of variables (Dantzker and Hunter 2011, p. 68). Application of â€Å"static or standardized set of questions† for data collection and data analysis also defines quantitative research (Wimmer and Dominick 2013, 120). Primary research is a research in which original data is collected and analyzed and its scope identifies knowledge development with such aims as bridging knowledge gap or solving an identified problem (Gratton and Jones 2010, p. 8). Examples of primary research therefore include research through interviews, focus groups, observation, and quantitative research methods such as tests and experiments and surveys. Secondary research, however, defines a research approach in which data is collected from existing sources such as periodicals and journals. The research explores existing knowledge and suitable for identifying and understanding existing knowledge and for identifying knowledge gaps of social problems (Collins 2010, p. 120). Application of secondary research, then survey, and lastly focus group, in a sequential order is the most

Software Requirements Specification Essay Example for Free

Software Requirements Specification Essay 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose Online Shopping Software main purpose is to provide customers with the possibility to perform online purchases on products already on store. Customers are identified properly and are able to perform online transactions using three kind of methods: either using credit card or banking documents, but also through PayPal account. Online Customers are divided on two categories upon user account types: basic and business. Basic accounts beside other attributes contain a specific one named Fidelity which deals with the number of years the user has been joining the online shop. On the other hand is business plan which is characterized uniquely by the Volume attribute that is the total amount of transactions performed within the online shop. The customer is able to operate throughout the system after properly authenticated. He is able to create a cart and add products to it or delete them as well. Then he decides whether he might go on with the checkout operation and complete the purchase. Once the user decided upon the plan to use: basic or business, he is given the alternatives to pay through the previously mentioned methods accordingly. Once the purchase is confirmed by the customer and admitted by shop commission, customer details come into use in order to define the shipping address and other supplementary information. Customer is given the possibility to view and print some information regarding his activity on the shop. For instance he can print the number of purchases completed by him from eh beginning of the current year. He can print the status of previously performed purchases and decide whether to cancel or not a specific purchase if it is still in â€Å"Not available† status. During the process of product selection and addition to cart specifying correspond quantity the system automatically checks if the product is available within the quantity or not. In case of negative response the system generates a request to the product supplier. Stated in short terms this is the overall situation on hand. 1.2 Document Conventions Specific terminology is used throughout the specification of the system. User Profile: stands for the profile of the customer (person) opened in the software. One person can have multiple profiles using different emails. A profile can be linked to none or one account type. Person: defines an real person who has an identity defined by class attributes. A person can have multiple profiles and consequently multiple accounts. For instance a person can have a basic and a business account. Account: defines an entity that enables the user to operate throughout the system and perform purchases. It is the super class of two other classes respectively: Basic and Business which extend the super class. Payment: defines an entity that enables an account to perform a payment transaction using one of alternative methods. Purchase: defines an entity that encapsulates a purchase object. A purchase is specified by a unique number and status thus using the Status class. Cart: stands for a container that holds selected products during the session and is included by a purchase. Cart Products: as the name itself defines an entity that makes possible operations of addition, deletion, and selection of products in and from the cart. Bank Transfer: stands for a payment method when using a basic plan. Credit Card: stands for a payment method using a credit card when using a basic plan. PayPal: defines a payment method when using business plan. In this case it includes a PayPal service using a previously configured PayPal account. 1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions The system is worth using by an audience that is interested on buying online products and benefit from facilities offered in such a case. Facilities are: saving time, saving money by selecting the best offer, comfort circumstances, safety of money transactions etc 1.4 Project Scope The scope of this project is to design and develop a system that is necessary to shops when they need to operate online, sell products online. The shop can keep an electronic history of all purchases and transactions. This gives more control over the operations that the company offers. The system can be adapted to a range of shops from simple small ones to big markets. A shop can outsource the function of shipping to another external company or can handle it itself. Project scope also includes financial transactions that call for other third party services like PayPal. Project scope from customer perspective, limits the range of customers to only those who have internet connation on some form and have a bank account in hand. The aim of this project is to promote an efficient, user-friendly, time-fashionable, safe way for customers to bye and receive products without being physically at a shop thus using virtual money. 2. UML Diagrams 2.1 Use Case Diagrams Online Shop from user perspective use case Description: This use case provides the viewpoint for the whole process from user perspective. Customer sees only the necessary functions that the system must define. Actors: Online Customer Preconditions: Customer must have a bank account. Base Case: 1. Customer must log in and authenticate 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Customer must choose the type of purchase to perform Customer can view and select products Customer can perform a purchase Customer can cancel a purchase He can view additional information regarding the purchase Alternative Flows None Post conditions: Customer performs transactions based on defined accounts. Additional Info/Issues: None View Products Use Case Description: View products use case describes the whole operations a user can perform on a product currently on the store. It also describes an exceptional case when a product is not available on the quantity required. Preconditions: Customer must login and authenticate firstly Base Case: 1. Customer can view the products 2. he can select the products 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. he can add the products to cart he can define quantities on ordered products system checks whether the quantity is satisfied or not system responds to client with approving the purchase system generates an automatic order to products supplier Alternative Flows None Post conditions: Customer performs transactions based on defined accounts. Additional Info/Issues: None Make Purchase Use Case Description: This use case defines the cycle when customer makes a purchase. When deciding to perform a purchase the customer proceeds to the checkout operation and then to the payment method and according verifications. Preconditions: Customer must confirm the final form of the cart and products already in. Base Case: 1. Customer must complete with the cart 2. he is taken to the checkout step 3. he is forwarded to a payment method based on the purchase type that he decided beforehand. Alternative Flows The customer may cancel the purchase when it is in â€Å"Not Available yet† status. Post conditions: Customer performs transactions based on defined account. Additional Info/Issues: Includes third party accounts like PayPal or supporting bank documents. Payment Use Case Description: Payment use case deals with the cycle of performing a payment through on of the methods mentioned. Preconditions: Customer must authenticate and decide upon the type of purchase to commit. Base Case: 1. Customer decides on the type of method to pay using either credit card or providing bank documents in case of basic type of purchase. 2. he decides upon PayPal method to pay if he decides on business purchase type. 3. each of the methods forward the user to the corresponding sites where he can enter credit card info, or upload a document or confirm a PayPal account. Alternative Flows None Post conditions: Customer performs transactions based on defined account. Additional Info/Issues: Includes third party accounts like PayPal or supporting bank documents.

Free Macbeth Essays: The Inner-Macbeth :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Inner-Macbeth Assumptions are made throughout our lives, just as the nobles suspect Macbeth of murder. Macbeth has given them a reasonable amount of examples to justify their predictions of his bloody doings, yet his inner monologue is available only to the reader. Such thoughts of his guilt and remorse are expressed through his discussions with Lady Macbeth, his unconscious reactions to Banquo’s ghost and the "tomorrow and tomorrow" speech. Scotland makes accusations through Banquo’s soliloquy and the nobles speaking of Macbeth in act five proving their beliefs of murder. The entire country believes he is covered in blood yet the reader is the only one who understands his reactions towards the deeds he has committed. Like a child, Macbeth attempts to run away from his problems, yet he has no where to go. "I am afraid to think what I have done", reveals his inability to think over scenarios before he commits them. He now realizes what he has done is against his own morals, knee deep in guilt, and attempts to figure out his problems with his wife. Macbeth ‘s conscious screams through, "Ere we will eat our meal I fear and sleep in the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly", for the reality of the crime has come into realization and the only one Macbeth can confide in is Lady Macbeth. At this point in the book, no guilt is felt on behalf of Lady Macbeth leaving Macbeth resembling a boy crying for help when no one is listening. Through Macbeth’s attempt to make sense of what has happened during the "tomorrow and tomorrow" speech, he states, "Life’s but a waking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more". He claims we will all, at some point in our lives, end up having to finish our play, though when that happens it makes no difference, for our lives ‘signify nothing.’ By claiming life is insignificant, Macbeth makes excuses for the murders he has committed, yet deep down inside this is simply a cover-up for the guilt boiling inside. Assumptions, made by Macbeth, about the meaning of life proves Macbeth is really to soothe his own remorse by summarizing life through the eyes of a murderer. Such a soliloquy has Scotland looking down upon him, for he seems relentless and bloody.

Education in Kazakhstan Essay

1.Before going to school, children attend kindergartens until they are six or seven. 2.Compulsory education begins in our country at the age of seven, when children go to primary school. 3.The secondary stage begins from the 5th form when children start studying a lot of new subjects, such as Literature, History, Natural Sci ¬ences and others. 4.Examinations are taken at the end of the 9-th and the 11-th forms. 5.Some children may leave school after the 9-th form and continue their education at vocational or technical schools or colleges. 6.Besides secondary schools there are other types of schools in Ka ¬zakhstan. There are specialized secondary schools with intensive study of a certain subject, for example Foreign Languages, Literature, Physics and others. 7.There are also specialized art, music, ballet and sport schools for gifted children and special schools for handicapped children. 8.Secondary education in our country is free of charge. Among secondary schools there are gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums most of them are private. 9.There are institutes, schools of higher education, universities and academies among higher educational institutions. 10.In 1992 Kazakhstan system of higher education adopted the western model – a 4 years course of studies with getting the Bachelor degree after graduation and a 2 years course of study with getting the Master’s degree after graduation. 11.In order to enter a higher educational institution young people have to take an entrance examination. Only those who successfully pass entrance testing are admitted free of charge. In other cases education is given on the commercial basis.

Should Poetry Be Banished from Human Life

The main aim of this paper is to decide whether we should banish poetry from the human world or not. In order to reach this decision we first have to get back to some of the legendary figures in literary criticism of all time such as Plato, Aristotle and Philip Sydney and see for our selves how they treated this issue and answered some important questions concerning literature. Literary Criticism is the branch of study concerned with defining, classifying and evaluating works of literature. It began almost simultaneously with creation. However, it was only with Plato that criticism became a vital force in the ancient world. Plato was born probably in 427 B. C. He was the first conscious literary critic who has put his ideas in a systematic way in his dialogues. In his Ion and Republic (precisely book X), he expressed his condemnation of poetry. Ironically, admirers of Plato are usually lovers of literary art. It is so because Plato wrote dramatic dialogues rather than didactic volumes and did so with rare literary skill. You would expect such a philosopher to place a high value on literary art, but Plato actually attacked it. He argued that it should be banned from the ideal society that he described in the Republic. Plato objected to poetry on three grounds: Educational, Philosophical and moral point of view. Plato’s objection to Poetry from the point of view of Education is emphasized when he condemns poetry as fostering evil habits and vices in children in â€Å"The Republic† Book II. Homer’s epics were part of studies. Heroes of epics were not examples of sound or ideal morality. They were lusty, cunning, and hungry for war. Even Gods were no better. This is clear in Plato’s Ion: If we mean our future guardians to regard the habit of quarrelling among themselves as of all things the basest, no word should be said to them of the wars in heaven, or of the plots and fighting of the gods against one another, for they are not true (11). Thus he objected on the ground that poetry does not cultivate good habits among children. Plato accuses poetry of telling lies to children. However, he has no objection to children being told untrue stories if they are edifying stories. He wanted to tell children that there never has been quarrelling between citizens. He says in The republic: If they would only believe us we would tell them that quarrelling is unholy, and that never up to this time has there been any quarrelling between citizens: this is what old men and old women should begin by telling children; and when they grow up, the poets also should be told to compose or them in a similar spirit. (11) Plato’s objections against poetry from a Philosophical point of view become clear in his attack on what he called mimesis (imitation). He explains that poetry does not offer reality but unreal imitations. However, Philosophy is concerned with truth. According to his theory of mimesis, arts deal with illusions far away from the truth. He said in book X of The Republic: â€Å"then the imitator, I said, is a long way off the truth†. 17) In his opinion, Philosophy is better than poetry because Philosophy deals with idea while poetry is twice removed from the original idea. He made his point clear when he compared the poet to the painter who imitated a bed that was designed by a carpenter and before that, was originally created by God. Plato was an idealist. He believed that Ideas alone are true and real and that the earthly things such as beauty and goodness are mere copies of the ideal beauty, goodness which exist in heaven or the world of Ideas. He said: Well, then, here are three beds: one existing in nature, which is made by God, as I think that we may say-for no one else can be the maker?.. And what shall we say of the carpenter-is not he also the maker of the bed? Yes. But would you call the painter a creator and maker? Certainly not. Yet if he is not the maker, what is he in relation to the bed? I think, he said, that we may fairly designate him as the imitator of that which the others make. Good, I said; then you call him who is third in the descent from nature an imitator? Certainly, he said. And the tragic poet is an imitator, and therefore, like all other imitators, he is thrice removed from the king and from the truth. (15, 16) Plato says that since the idea of the bed belongs to God; the maker and we can also consider the carpenter who built it a maker of a copy. However, the painter only imitated another copy which makes him thrice removed from reality. As a moralist, Plato disapproves of poetry because it is immoral, as a philosopher he disapproves of it because it is based in falsehood. He is of the view that philosophy is better than poetry because philosopher deals with idea / truth, whereas poet deals with what appears to him / illusion. This is very clear in The Republic, Book X, when he says: And what is the faculty in man to which imitation is addressed? What do you mean? I will explain: The body which is large when seen near, appears small when seen at a distance? True. And the same objects appear straight when looked at out of water, and crooked when in the water; and the concave becomes convex, owing to the illusion about colors to which the sight is liable. Thus every sort of confusion is revealed within us; and this is that weakness of the human mind on which the art of conjuring and of deceiving by the light and shadow and other ingenious devices imposes, having an effect upon us like magic, True. (19, 20) Thus, in his opinion, true reality consists of the ideas of things and objects in our world are reflections or imitations. Therefore, poetry is inferior to philosophy as the artist imitates these objects existing in our actual world and as a result, his work is an imitation of an imitation and is built on illusion. He believed that truth of philosophy was more important than the pleasure of poetry. He argued that most of it should be banned from the ideal society that he described in the Republic. One of Plato’s important theories is his theory of inspiration. In his Ion, he gives a psychological account of literary creation. He is interested in how men come to write poetry. He compares the state of the poet when he writes poetry to a state of madness or unconsciousness. He explains that the poet does not speak his words but is rather captured by inspiration or what he called ‘The power divine’. He says: For the poet is a light and winged and holy thing and there is no invention in him until he has been inspired, and is out of his senses, and the mind is no longer in him: when he has not attained to this state, he is powerless and is unable to utter his oracles. (9) Thus, he believes that poetry is nothing rational, and that is why even the poets themselves do not often understand what they write in that moment. Therefore, poetry cannot be relied upon as it is not the result of conscious. His last objection on the moral effect of poetry is that it harms by nourishing the passions, which ought to be controlled and disciplined. Plato thinks that it is the duty of the wise man to control passion by reason; poetry by exciting and strengthening the passions, makes this task more difficult. In Plato’s opinion, whatever encourages and strengthens the rational principle is good, and emotional is bad. In The Republic, Book X, Plato says: Then the imitative poet who aims at being popular is not by nature made, nor is his art intended, to please or to affect the rational principle in the soul; but he will prefer the passionate and fitful temper, which is easily imitated †¦. And therefore we shall be right in refusing to admit him into a well-ordered state, because he awakens and nourishes and strengthen the feelings and impairs the reason †¦ Poetry feeds and waters the passion instead of drying them up; she lets them rule, although they ought to be controlled, if mankind are ever to increase in happiness and virtue. (22) Then he attacks tragedies and comedies explaining their effect on both actors and spectators who might imitate their act. He believes that imitation soon becomes a second nature and the actor who imitates tends to behave like the object of his imitation. Tragedies give an uncontrolled expression to the emotions of pity and grief and thus play a woman’s part. In his The republic, Book X, he says: Hear and judge: The best of us as I conceive, when we listen to a passage of Homer, or one of the tragedians, in which he represents some pitiful hero who is drawling out his sorrows in a long oration, or weeping, and smiting his breast- the best of us, you know, delight in giving way to sympathy, and are in raptures at the excellence of the poet who stirs our feelings most. Yes, of course I know. But when any sorrow of our own happens to us, then you may observe that we pride ourselves on the opposite quality- we would fain be quiet and patient; this is the manly part, and the other which delighted us in the recitation is now deemed to be the part of a woman. Very true, he said. Now can we be right in praising and admiring another who is doing that which anyone of us would abominate and be ashamed of in his own person? No, he said, that is certainly not reasonable. (22, 23) Similarly, for example, one who imitates a female part in a comedy tends to grow effeminate. Imitation will make him cowardly or clownish, if such roles are imitated. In order to explain this in his The Republic, Book X, Plato said: And does not the same hold also of the ridiculous? There are jests which you would be ashamed to make yourself, and yet on the comic stage, or indeed in private, when you hear them, you are greatly amused by them, and are not at all disgusted at their unseemliness; the case of pity is repeated; there is a principle in human nature which is disposed to raise a laugh, and this which you restrained by reason, because you were afraid of being thought a buffoon, is now let out again; and having stimulated the risible faculty at the theatre, you are betrayed unconsciously to yourself into playing the comic poet at home. 23, 24) For all of the above reasons, Plato insisted that all kinds of poetry should be banned from his ideal state that he created in his The Republic. In this respect, Plato says: Therefore, Glaucon, I said, whenever you meet with any of the eulogists of Homer declaring that he has been the educator of Hellas, and that he is profitable for education and for ordering of human things, and that you should take him up again and again and get to know him and regulate your whole life according to him, we may love and honour those who say things-they are excellent people, as far as their light extend; and we are ready to acknowledge that Homer is the greatest of poets and first of tragedy writers; but we must remain firm in our conviction that hymns to the gods and praises of famous men are the only poetry which ought to be admitted into our state. For if you go beyond this and allow the honeyed muse to enter, either in epic or lyric verse, not law and the reason of mankind, which by common consent have ever been deemed best,but pleasure and pain will be the rulers in our state. (24) However, Plato decided to play fair with lovers of poetry. That’s why he granted a chance to all poets and defenders of poetry to be a part of his ideal state and to be allowed to return from exile, only if they made a fine literary work that proves that poetry does not just delight but is also useful to human life. Plato says: Shall I propose, then, that she be allowed to return from exile, but upon this condition only that she make a defence of herself in lyrical or some other metre? Certainly. And we may further grant to those of her defenders who are lovers of poetry and yet not poets the permission to speak in prose on her behalf: let them show not only that she is pleasant but also useful to states and to human life, and we will listen in a kindly spirit; for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight? Certainly, he said, we shall be the gainers. (25) Those are Plato’s principal charges on poetry and objection to it. Before we pass on any judgment, we should not forget to keep in view the contemporary social conditions in which he lived. It was a time of political decline. Education was in a sorry state. The epics of Homer were part of studies and Homer’s epics were misrepresented and misinterpreted. However, they were venerated by the Greeks almost like The Bible. In them, there are many stories which represent the gods in an unfavorable light. So they were the common objects of criticism on the part of philosophers and educationists. The wonderful flowering time of Greek art and literature was over. Literature was immoral, corrupt and degenerate. Women were regarded inferior human beings and slavery was wide spread. Confusion prevailed in all spheres of life intellectual, moral, political and educational. There was a constant debate between the philosophers and poets. Thus, in Plato’s time, poets added fuel to the fire. He looked at poets as breeders of falsehood and poetry as mother of lies. Ironically it was Plato's most famous student, Aristotle, who was the first theorist to defend literature and poetry in his writing Poetics against Plato’s objections and his theory of mimesis. Aristotle was born in 384. B. C. For centuries during Roman age in Europe and after renaissance, Aristotle was honored as a law-giver and legislator. Even today his critical theories remain largely relevant, and for this he certainly deserves our admiration and esteem. In Poetics, his main concern appears to be tragedy, which in his day was considered to be the most developed form of poetry. Another part of poetics deals with comedy, but it is unfortunately lost. In his observations on the nature and function of poetry, he has replied the charges of Plato against poetry.

The American Colonization Society

The American Colonization Society The American Colonization Society was an organization formed in 1816 with the purpose of transporting free blacks from the United States to settle on the west coast of Africa. During the decades the society operated more than 12,000 people were transported to Africa and the African nation of Liberia was founded. The idea of moving blacks from America to Africa was always controversial. Among some supporters of the society it was considered a benevolent gesture. But some advocates of sending blacks to Africa did so with obviously racist motives, as they believed that blacks, even if freed from slavery, were inferior to whites and incapable of living in American society. And many free blacks living in the United States were deeply offended by the encouragement to move to Africa. Having been born in America, they wanted to live in freedom and enjoy the benefits of life in their own homeland. The Founding of the American Colonization Society The idea of returning blacks to Africa had developed in the late 1700s, as some Americans came to believe that the black and white races could never live together peacefully. But the practical idea for transporting blacks to a colony in Africa originated with a New England sea captain, Paul Cuffee, who was of Native American and African descent. Sailing from Philadelphia in 1811, Cuffee investigated the possibility of transporting American blacks to the west coast of African. And in 1815 he did take 38 colonists from America to Sierra Leone, a British colony on the west coast of Africa. Cuffees voyage seems to have been an inspiration for the American Colonization Society, which was officially launched at a meeting at the Davis Hotel in Washington, D.C. on December 21, 1816. Among the founders were Henry Clay, a prominent political figure, and John Randolph, a senator from Virginia. The organization gained prominent members. Its first president was Bushrod Washington, a justice on the U.S. Supreme Court who owned slaves and had inherited a Virginia estate, Mount Vernon, from his uncle, George Washington. Most members of the organization were not actually slave owners. And the organization never had much support in the lower South, the cotton-growing states where slavery was essential to the economy. Recruitment for Colonization Was Controversial The society solicited funds to buy the freedom of slaves who could then emigrate to Africa. So part of the organizations work could be viewed as benign, a well-meaning attempt to end slavery. However, some supporters of the organization had other motivations. They were not concerned about the issue of slavery so much as the issue of free blacks living in American society. Many people at the time, including prominent political figures, felt blacks were inferior and could not live with white people. Some American Colonization Society members advocated that freed slaves, or free-born blacks, should settle in Africa. Free black people  were often encouraged to leave the United States, and by some accounts they were essentially threatened to leave. There were even some supporters of colonization who saw the organizing as essentially protecting slavery. They believed that free blacks in America would encourage slaves to revolt. That belief became more widespread when former slaves, such as  Frederick Douglass, became eloquent speakers in the growing abolitionist movement. Prominent abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison, opposed colonization for several reasons. Besides feeling that blacks had every right to live freely in America, the abolitionists recognized that former slaves speaking and writing in America were forceful advocates for the ending of slavery. And abolitionists also wanted to make the point that free African Americans living peacefully and productively in society were a good argument against the inferiority of blacks and the institution of slavery. Settlement in Africa Began in the 1820s The first ship sponsored by the American Colonization Society sailed to Africa carrying 88 African Americans in 1820. A second group sailed in 1821, and in 1822 a permanent settlement was founded which would become the African nation of Liberia. Between the 1820s and the end of the Civil War, approximately 12,000 black Americans  sailed to Africa and settled in Liberia. As the slave population by the time of the Civil War was approximately four million, the number of free blacks transported to Africa was a relatively tiny number. A common goal of the American Colonization Society was for the federal government to become involved in the effort of transporting free African Americans to the colony in Liberia. At meetings of the group the idea would be proposed, but it never gained traction in the Congress despite the organization having some powerful advocates. One of the most influential senators in American history, Daniel Webster, addressed the organization at a meeting in Washington on January 21, 1852. As reported in the New York Times days later, Webster gave a typically stirring oration in which he asserted that colonization would be best for the North, best for the South, and would say to the black man, you will be happier in the land of your fathers. The Concept of Colonization Endured Though the work of the American Colonization Society never became widespread, the idea of colonization as a solution to the issue of slavery persisted. Even Abraham Lincoln, while serving as president, entertained the idea of creating a colony in Central America for freed American slaves. Lincoln abandoned the idea of colonization by the middle of the Civil War. And before his assassination he created the Freedmens Bureau, which would help former slaves become free members of American society following the war. The true legacy of the American Colonization Society would be the nation of Liberia, which has endured despite a troubled and sometimes violent history.

Using Growth Marketing Tests To 10x Your Results With Noah Kagan

Using Growth Marketing Tests To 10x Your Results With Noah Kagan Do you have a product or service that people want? Nothing else matters. Every major company started with a very specific customer, and every business has competition. The easiest way to win is to pick a more specific customer to serve. So, pick a target customer, and be very strict about it. Garrett Moon, CEO, recently wrote the book, 10X Marketing Formula: Your Blueprint for Creating Competition-Free Content That Stands Out and Gets Results. Fortunately, Garrett recorded the interviews he conducted for the book. In today’s episode, Garrett’s 10x interview is with Noah Kagan of Sumo, AppSumo, and Briefcase. Noah continuously pushes the edges of marketing and growth. Focusing on eCommerce has positively transformed Noah’s companies Growth Hacking and Marketing: How to find channels that have not been fully utilized or abused What has helped grow your business? Do what works; go back to the basics Favorite Growth Strategies: Determine what new marketing channels will work; and platform marketing Proactive Dashboard: Has to be controllable; you can’t be dependent on anything As a marketer, what is one thing you can stop doing today? What are you wasting your time on? Noah’s companies perform testing and validation on how they can get more traffic and on-site optimization Use content to grow your business; what’s unique about what you’re writing Social vs. search content; one is short-term, and the other is long-term options Process of understanding your target audience: Which customers have the highest lifetime value? Which have been the easiest for the sales team to talk to? Noah’s companies have made two major shifts when focusing on customers: Qualified sign-ups and content related to eCommerce Revisit pricing and customers; contact customers via the phone for feedback Segment your audience to understand them; but don’t do it too early Find a product you love, and let specific people in the world know about it; help people 1 by 1 Links: Noah Kagan Sumo AppSumo Briefcase OkDork Noah Kagan on YouTube 10X Marketing Formula book AMP on iTunes leave a review and send screenshot to podcast@.com If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Noah Kagan: â€Å"It turned out the customer base was so big and so broad that it was hard to actually help people.† â€Å"Do you have a product or service that people want? If you don’t have that, nothing else matters.† â€Å"Growth marketinghow are you finding channels that haven’t been fully utilized or abused as an opportunity for growth?†

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Planning for Gu Fru - Essay Example They offer variety of flavors such as, lime, raspberry, chocolate, mango and passion fruit (JustFood, 2011). Mission: Company mission is to create quality and tasteful mousses, souffles, chocs, cheesecakes, melting middles, tortes, brownie cakes, nibbles and naughties and to create a whole new world of chocolate extremism that’s strictly for adults; which will give them decadently delightful delicacies (GuPuds, 2011). Segmentation, Targeting, locations, population and Trends: GU changed its brand image and re-launches its brand in the market with stronger brands and packaging. The addition of the chocolate line makes this company stronger in the market who are dealing in same packaged products (Gatten, 2011). This market is divided into several sub segments, such as: Chilled Disserts Formage Frais Yogurts GU is offering products in the chilled disserts segment. The UK market for pot disserts and Yogurt is look like: Figure 1: Market Share of Chilled Food in UK 2009 (The Free L ibrary, 2011) The pot dissert market in UK is almost worth around ?1.9 billion, which also includes yougurt. This market almost grown 9.8% due to chilled disserts and yogurt which together makes 88% of the market. Chilled dissert is second largest segment of the industry and worth almost over ?0.5 billion and growing with rapid pace of over 4% in UK (The Free Library, 2011). Main market for Gu in this segments are young adults and in Britain 660,900 tonnes of chocolate a year were eaten and almost 11kg per person per year is the rate. The target market for this segment is young kids, young adults and elderly people as well. This segments most likely target market is kids and youngsters. UK Pot Dissert Market: This is the main market for GU and this market is grown significantly in last couple of years in UK. The main factors of this growth is people living alone are increased significantly and demand for single and smaller disserts increased significantly in result which will be a g ood trend for products like Gu. The chilled dissert market is almost worth around ?618.3 million in year 2010 which is up from ?597.2 million in year 2009. The market is grown significantly The market demand for products, like; chilled and pot disserts, puddings, mousses and cheese cakes are on the rise in UK and all these products are offered by GU. The quarter of the adults eat disserts as a part of their main meal. Disserts are mainly served in house hold to children, two-third working mothers buy these pot disserts for their kids (Bainbridge, 2006). The target market for chilled pot disserts is mainly adults. The main age of the target consumer is in between 15 and 25. Where people with age over 65 also a main target for such products. People with age between 45 and 54 are the least likely buyer of such products (Bainbridge, 2006). Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product/Service Strategy: The products are innovative and very unique, people love to try their products and enjoy it. The only p roblem with their products is that people on the diet should be care full before eating their products. Although, the share of the company is not high but the company is gaining momentum in the market

NO NEED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NO NEED - Essay Example The learner should dig deep into learning new vocabularies and finding the relevant instances where they should be applied. Knowing the right meaning of the word and applying it appropriately will demonstrate ‘language maturity’ and high competence of the learner. Learning meanings of several vocabularies will broaden the learners reading comprehension skills as they can understand the message carried in the vocabulary with ease. Consequently, Practice through speaking the language more makes the learner improve on their reading and writing. Just like writing, speaking is an active process that enables the learner to gain experience with the language and assist them remember more about what they spoke while writing. Learning the second language does not come with much ease as one’s native language and mastering it needs one to put a lot of efforts. To improve on it, constant research should be done in which the learner extracts different vocabularies and find ways to use them. Sentence structure and rules governing the formation and use of sentences should be regularly considered. If these are done, reading and writing in second language will be